November 19: This Day In History

Today is,

–Liberation Day, Mali, commemorating the end of Modio Keita’s regime

–Monaco National Day, Monaco

–World Toilet Day, World Toilet Organization http://www.un.org/en/events/toiletday/

–International Men’s Day

–Garifuna Settlement Day

–Flag Day, Brazil

On this day,

1794 – The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign, Jay’s Treaty, in an attempt to resolve lingering issues left over from the American Revolutionary War.

1863 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony for the military cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

1881 – Meteorite lands near Odessa, Ukraine

1885 – Bulgarian victory in the Battle of Slivnitsa solidifies the unification between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia.

1912 – The Serbian army captures Bitola, ending the five-century-long Ottoman rule of Macedonia.

1915 – Joe Hill, labor leader and songwriter, executed in Utah on what many believe was a framed charge of Murder.  Before he died he declared: “Don’t waste any time mourning.  Organize.” http://edpadgett.blogspot.com/2013/11/today-in-labor-history_19.html

1916 – Samuel Goldwyn and Edgar Selwyn establish Goldwyn Pictures.

1919 – The United State Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles

1942 – Soviet forces under General Georgy Zhukov launch the Operation Uranus counterattack at Stalingrad, turning the tide of the battle in the USSR’s favor.

1943 – Nazis liquidate Janowska concentration camp in Lviv, western Ukraine murdering roughly 6,000 Jews after a failed escape attempt.

1944 – 6th War Loan Drive: President Franklin D. Roosevelt announce the drive, aimed at selling $14 million in war bonds to help pay for the war effort.

1946 – Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations.

1950 – Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes Supreme Commander of NATO-Europe.

1952 – Over 400 Kikuyu suspected to be part of the Mau Mau movement are arrested in Kenya

1954 – The nation’s automatic toll collection machine is used at the Union Toll Plaza on New Jersey’s Garden State Parkway- 1954

1955 – First issue of National Review is published.

1967 – TVB the first wireless commercial television station in Hong Kong, is established.

1968 – President Modibo Keita of Mail is deposed by the army

1969 –  Apollo 12 astronauts Pete Conrad and Alan Bean become the third and fourth humans to walk on the Moon.

1969 –  Brazilian footballer Pele, scores his 1,000th goal.

1977 – Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to visit Israel.

1979 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the US embassy in Tehran.

1981 – The National Writers union is founded.

1984 – San Juanico disaster: explosions at the PEMEX petroleum storage facility in Mexico City starts a fire that kills about 500 people.

1985 – Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.

1985 – Pennzoil wins a $10.53 billion judgment against Texaco, in the largest civil verdict in the history of the United States.

1988 – Future Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic publicly declares that Serbia is under attack from Albanian separatists in Kosovo; and tells of a foreign conspiracy to  destroy Serbia and Yugoslavia.

1998 – The House Judiciary Committee begins impeachment hearings against U.S. President Bill Clinton.

1998 – Van Gogh’s Portrait of the Artist Without Beard sells at auction for $71.5 million

2001 – President George W. Bush sings legislation to put airport baggage screeners on the federal payroll.

2001 – Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants became the first baseball player to win four MVP Player awards.

Births

1600 – Charles I (d.1649)

1797 – Isabella Baumfree (Sojourner Truth0, abolitionsw ad women’s rights activist, was born enslaved in Swartekill, New York.  http://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/people/sojourner_truth.html

1805 – Ferdinand Lesseps, French diplomat (d.1894)

1828 – Rani Lakshimibai, Indian queen known for fearlessly leader her people into battle (d.1858)

1831 – James A. Garfield, the 20th President of the United States, was born in Orange, Ohio.

1868 – Billy Sunday, American evangelist (d.1935)

1870 – On the Wichita River in Texas, Private James Anderson, Company M, Sixth Calvary will “earn” a Congressional Medal of honor for his actions in the pursuit and subsequent fight with a group of “hostile Indians,” according to army records.

1875 –  Mikhail Kalinin, Russian politician, 1st Head of State of The Soviet Union (d.1946)

1895 – Louise Dahl-Wolfe, American photographer, known primarily for her work with Harper’s Bazaar (d.1989)

1899 – Allen Tate, American poet and literary critic (d.1979)

1900 – Anna Segher, pseudonym for Netty Reiling, German-Jewish author, known for depicting experiences during World War II. (d.1983) http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/seghers-anna

1909 – Moses Josiah Madiba, author, educationist and first African chancellor of the University of the North, was born at Uitvluvht, Pietersburg district.   (d.1985) http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/moses-josiah-madiba

1917 – Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was born in Allahabad. https://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Independent/Indira.html

1921 – Roy Campanella, hall of fame baseball player, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1933 – Larry King, American journalist an talk show host

1936 – Dick Cavett, American talk show host

1938 – Ted Turner, American businessman and philanthropist, founded Turner Broadcasting System.

1958 –  Annette Gordon-Reed, the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for History was born in segregated east Texas.

Deaths

1581 – Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich of Russia (b. 1554), was killed during a violent dispute with his father (Ivan the terrible) hit Ivanovich in the head with a scepter.

1692 – Thomas Shadwell, English poet and playwright (b.1642)

1772 – William Nelson. American politician, Governor of Virginia (b.1711)

1823 – Alvin Smith, American brother of Joseph Smith (b.1798)

1886 – George Lewis Ruffin, the first African American to graduate from Harvard Law School, died (b.1834) http://www.blackpast.org/aah/ruffin-george-lewis-1834a-1886

1887 – Emma Lazarus, American poet (b.1849)

1904 – Ednah Dow Cheney, American author, lecturer, reformer and philanthropist, active in the Freedman’s Aid Society, Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association.  (b.1824) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2925.html

1918 – Joseph F. Smith, America religious leader, 6th President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b.1838)

1944 – Reuben Rivers, Medal of Honor recipient, died in battle (b.1918)

1981 – Mlungisi Griffiths Mxenge, anti-apartheid activist and Robben Island detainee, was assassinated by four Vlakplaas Askari members.  http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/griffiths-mxenge-murdered

1985 – Lincoln Theodore Monroe Andrew Perry (Stepin Fetchit), actor and comedian (b. 1902)

1988 – Christina Onassis, daughter of Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis, businesswoman (b.1950)

1988 – Peggy Parish, American writer , known best for her children’s book series and fictional character Amelia Bedelia.

2013 – Ray Gosling, English broadcaster, journalist, author and gay rights activist (b.1939)

2013 – Charlotte Zolotow, American author and poet (b.1915)